Ail
Posté : mar. 19 mai 2009, 12:07
Je relance un peu le sujet après avoir fait quelques recherches bibliographiques issues de revues scientifiques.
Apparemment ça marche dans d'autres espèces de poissons pour des problèmes parasitaires variés allant de l'amide à l'Ichtyophtirius en passant par des monogènes.
Voici les publications et leurs extraits (désolé pour les anglophobes
)
Je n'ai laissé que les titres et les extraits en omettant les auteurs et le nom du journal par soucis de place afin d'éviter le post Pavé.
In vitro effect of garlic extract and metronidazole against Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis, and isolated amoebae from Atlantic salmon.
Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis believed to be the most prevalent parasite of Atlantic salmon industry in Australia. In the present study, the in vitro effects of crude extract of garlic and metronidazole were investigated using a primary culture toxicity assay. Garlic extract appeared to be completely effective at killing a cultured strain (NP251002) of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis in vitro at a dilution of 1:100 with in 24 h. The number of viable Amoebae after using garlic extract in lower dilutions (1:200, 1:400, 1:800, 1:1000) for 24 h, also were significantly lower than in the control group. Garlic extract was also efficacious at killing wild type Amoebae that isolated from the diseased fish showing clinical signs of AGD. Metronidazole had no clear effect against Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis (NP251002) even in a concentration of 50 mg L(-1) for 24 h. However some morphological changes have occurred in metronidazole-treated Amoebae after 5 days of exposure.
Effects of Sodium Percarbonate and Garlic Extract on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Theronts and Tomocysts: In Vitro Experiments
Abstract.—White spot disease, which is caused by infections of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, has a severe impact on productivity in freshwater aquaculture. These infections were previously treated effectively with malachite green, a compound that is now banned on fish farms due to its carcinogenicity. However, aquaculturists need alternative substances to control the disease. Therefore, comparative laboratory tests (in vitro exposure) were performed to elucidate the effects on the infective theront stage and the tomocyst stage of (1) sodium percarbonate, a compound that releases hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water and (2) extract of garlic Allium sativum. The efficacy of these compounds was compared with that of malachite green. It was demonstrated that at 12°C sodium percarbonate (12.5 mg/L) and garlic extract (62.5 mg/L) killed theronts within 3 and 15 h, respectively. Thus, compared with malachite green (0.1 mg/L), higher concentrations of both sodium percarbonate and garlic extract are needed. The effects of the alternative compounds on the tomocyst stage were less pronounced. As expected, malachite green (0.15 mg/L) killed the tomocysts and prevented the development of tomites. In contrast, sodium percarbonate (12.5 mg/L) did not kill the tomocysts. Garlic extract had no effect in low amounts (30 mg/L), but at high concentrations (117 and 570 mg/L) it killed the tomocysts within 24 h. It is concluded that these alternative substances are less effective than malachite green but may represent a way to reduce infections at fish farms with minimal environmental effects. It is emphasized that tolerance tests with various infected and noninfected fish species should be conducted in order to determine safety levels. Further, as the legality of these substances varies across countries, local regulatory authorities should be consulted before using these substances.
Treatment of trichodiniasis in eel (Anguilla anguilla) reared in recirculation systems in Denmark: alternatives to formaldehyde
Treatment of trichodiniasis in recirculation eel farms using formalin (37%) has been found insufficient. We have screened 30 different chemical substances for efficacy against natural infections with trichodinids (Trichodina jadranica) on skin and gills of eels. The following substances showed high parasiticidal effect: acriflavin (25 ppm), bithionol (0.1 ppm), chloramine T (50 ppm), Detarox AP® (45 ppm), malachite green (1 ppm), raw garlic (200 ppm), potassium permanganate (20 ppm) and Virkon PF® vet. (20 ppm). Preliminary screening revealed that the anthelmintic, bithionol, and the decomposable disinfectants Detarox AP and Virkon PF® vet. were potential therapeutics and these were tested on infected eel stocks in recirculation production units. The following treatments showed a high parasiticidal effect: bithionol at 0.1 ppm in a recirculation system including the biofilters; Detarox AP® (45 ppm) in recirculation systems with the biofilters temporarily isolated for 1 h and Virkon PF® vet. (40 ppm; 25 ppm at start supplemented with 15 ppm 1 h later) in rearing tanks temporarily isolated from recirculation systems for 3 h.
Alternative treatment for Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) infection in cultivated pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae) in Brazil and its haematological effects.
The present work, studied the effect of 0, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg of garlic powder/kg dry ration for Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae), weighting 73.6 +/- 39.4 g and measuring 15.0 +/- 2.7 cm, fed for a period of 15, 30 and 45 days. Fifteen days after treatment with 1,000 and 2,000 mg of garlic/kg dry ration, significant reduction of Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) in the gills was related. Nevertheless, the addition of garlic to the ration caused significant increase in the erythrocyte number and in the thrombocyte percentage in the circulating blood. However, a decrease in the lymphocyte percentage was also observed. After 45 days, fish fed with garlic showed significant increase in the erythrocyte number, leucocyte, haemoglobin rate, hematocrit and thrombocyte.
Apparemment ça marche dans d'autres espèces de poissons pour des problèmes parasitaires variés allant de l'amide à l'Ichtyophtirius en passant par des monogènes.
Voici les publications et leurs extraits (désolé pour les anglophobes
)Je n'ai laissé que les titres et les extraits en omettant les auteurs et le nom du journal par soucis de place afin d'éviter le post Pavé.
In vitro effect of garlic extract and metronidazole against Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis, and isolated amoebae from Atlantic salmon.
Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis believed to be the most prevalent parasite of Atlantic salmon industry in Australia. In the present study, the in vitro effects of crude extract of garlic and metronidazole were investigated using a primary culture toxicity assay. Garlic extract appeared to be completely effective at killing a cultured strain (NP251002) of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis in vitro at a dilution of 1:100 with in 24 h. The number of viable Amoebae after using garlic extract in lower dilutions (1:200, 1:400, 1:800, 1:1000) for 24 h, also were significantly lower than in the control group. Garlic extract was also efficacious at killing wild type Amoebae that isolated from the diseased fish showing clinical signs of AGD. Metronidazole had no clear effect against Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis (NP251002) even in a concentration of 50 mg L(-1) for 24 h. However some morphological changes have occurred in metronidazole-treated Amoebae after 5 days of exposure.
Effects of Sodium Percarbonate and Garlic Extract on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Theronts and Tomocysts: In Vitro Experiments
Abstract.—White spot disease, which is caused by infections of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, has a severe impact on productivity in freshwater aquaculture. These infections were previously treated effectively with malachite green, a compound that is now banned on fish farms due to its carcinogenicity. However, aquaculturists need alternative substances to control the disease. Therefore, comparative laboratory tests (in vitro exposure) were performed to elucidate the effects on the infective theront stage and the tomocyst stage of (1) sodium percarbonate, a compound that releases hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water and (2) extract of garlic Allium sativum. The efficacy of these compounds was compared with that of malachite green. It was demonstrated that at 12°C sodium percarbonate (12.5 mg/L) and garlic extract (62.5 mg/L) killed theronts within 3 and 15 h, respectively. Thus, compared with malachite green (0.1 mg/L), higher concentrations of both sodium percarbonate and garlic extract are needed. The effects of the alternative compounds on the tomocyst stage were less pronounced. As expected, malachite green (0.15 mg/L) killed the tomocysts and prevented the development of tomites. In contrast, sodium percarbonate (12.5 mg/L) did not kill the tomocysts. Garlic extract had no effect in low amounts (30 mg/L), but at high concentrations (117 and 570 mg/L) it killed the tomocysts within 24 h. It is concluded that these alternative substances are less effective than malachite green but may represent a way to reduce infections at fish farms with minimal environmental effects. It is emphasized that tolerance tests with various infected and noninfected fish species should be conducted in order to determine safety levels. Further, as the legality of these substances varies across countries, local regulatory authorities should be consulted before using these substances.
Treatment of trichodiniasis in eel (Anguilla anguilla) reared in recirculation systems in Denmark: alternatives to formaldehyde
Treatment of trichodiniasis in recirculation eel farms using formalin (37%) has been found insufficient. We have screened 30 different chemical substances for efficacy against natural infections with trichodinids (Trichodina jadranica) on skin and gills of eels. The following substances showed high parasiticidal effect: acriflavin (25 ppm), bithionol (0.1 ppm), chloramine T (50 ppm), Detarox AP® (45 ppm), malachite green (1 ppm), raw garlic (200 ppm), potassium permanganate (20 ppm) and Virkon PF® vet. (20 ppm). Preliminary screening revealed that the anthelmintic, bithionol, and the decomposable disinfectants Detarox AP and Virkon PF® vet. were potential therapeutics and these were tested on infected eel stocks in recirculation production units. The following treatments showed a high parasiticidal effect: bithionol at 0.1 ppm in a recirculation system including the biofilters; Detarox AP® (45 ppm) in recirculation systems with the biofilters temporarily isolated for 1 h and Virkon PF® vet. (40 ppm; 25 ppm at start supplemented with 15 ppm 1 h later) in rearing tanks temporarily isolated from recirculation systems for 3 h.
Alternative treatment for Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) infection in cultivated pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae) in Brazil and its haematological effects.
The present work, studied the effect of 0, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg of garlic powder/kg dry ration for Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae), weighting 73.6 +/- 39.4 g and measuring 15.0 +/- 2.7 cm, fed for a period of 15, 30 and 45 days. Fifteen days after treatment with 1,000 and 2,000 mg of garlic/kg dry ration, significant reduction of Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) in the gills was related. Nevertheless, the addition of garlic to the ration caused significant increase in the erythrocyte number and in the thrombocyte percentage in the circulating blood. However, a decrease in the lymphocyte percentage was also observed. After 45 days, fish fed with garlic showed significant increase in the erythrocyte number, leucocyte, haemoglobin rate, hematocrit and thrombocyte.
y'a pas un cuistot phyothérapeute à l'ADP? 
